O som das mídias: uma revisão interdisciplinar do papel do som na comunicação

 Klaus Bruhn-Jensen, Copenhague (Dinamarca)

https://doi.org/10.3916/C34-2010-02-01

Palavras chave

Som, comunicação oral, música, paisagens sonoras, retórica, filologia, linguística, musicologia

Resumo

É significativo o fato de que ainda resultem escassas as pesquisas sobre o som entendido como forma de comunicação, como modalidade de experiência e como recurso para a expressão cultural e a interação social. E isso apesar do papel central que o som desempenha na maioria das práticas comunicativas e midiáticas, incluindo a interação cara a cara e também as redes digitais. Nos últimos anos, entretanto, temos observado um interesse renovado nessa área por parte da comunidade acadêmica internacional. Esta revisão responde às pesquisas prévias sobre três tipos de som: a palavra falada, a música e as paisagens sonoras ambientais– que até agora têm sido em sua maioria abordados por disciplinas diferentes e separadas entre si: retórica, filologia, linguística, musicologia clássica, estudos de música popular, arquitetura, análise do discurso, entre outras. Este artigo, além disso, enfatiza o potencial de um maior número de pesquisas sobre o som como forma de comunicação, como fonte de significado e como recurso para a ação, o que é comprovado hoje pela difusão das mídias móveis e pela introdução da comunicação nos contextos cotidianos. Atualmente, os usuários dos meios de comunicação têm a capacidade não só de receber mas também de enviar diferentes dinâmicas sonoras e visuais, bem como informação textual. O usuário está se tornando um emissor de novas configurações de comunicação “um a um”, “um a muitos” e, cada vez mais, “muitos a muitos”. A onipresença das paisagens sonoras e de outras paisagens midiáticas desafia, coloca em dúvida, as noções tradicionais relativas ao que é uma “mídia” e ao que ela pode ser. Em suma, este artigo sugere que o atual renovado interesse pelos sound studies pode ser, por si só, o resultado da reconfiguração do ambiente midiático, onde o som está na moda.

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